Freebsd ports make install destdir

This step is only needed once on the jail host computer. In both of these examples, -p causes the ports tree to be retrieved with portsnap 8 into the basejail. That single copy of the ports directory will be shared by all the jails.

Using a separate copy of the ports directory for jails isolates them from the host. The basejail can be installed from binaries created by buildworld on the host with ezjail-admin update. The jail directories are created. However, downloaded distfiles are stored in the jail that downloaded them. The FTP protocol is used by default to download packages for the installation of the basejail. Firewall or proxy configurations can prevent or interfere with FTP transfers.

The HTTP protocol works differently and avoids these problems. New jails are created with ezjail-admin create. In these examples, the lo1 loopback interface is used as described above. Create the jail, specifying a name and the loopback and network interfaces to use, along with their IP addresses. In this example, the jail is named dnsjail. Most network services run in jails without problems. A few network services, most notably ping 8 , use raw network sockets. In jails, raw network sockets are disabled by default for security.

Services that require them will not work. Occasionally, a jail genuinely needs raw sockets. For example, network monitoring applications often use ping 8 to check the availability of other computers. Modify the parameters entry:. The jail is operating and additional configuration can be completed. Typical settings added at this point include:.

This is much like configuring a full computer. The host name and IP address are not set here. Those values are already provided by the jail configuration. Some ports must be built with special options to be used in a jail.

Either source or binary updates can be used. Binary updates use freebsd-update 8. These updates have the same limitations as if freebsd-update 8 were being run directly. Update the basejail to the latest patched release of the version of FreeBSD on the host. Once the host has been upgraded and rebooted, the basejail can then be upgraded.

Use file 1 to determine the original version in the basejail:. Now use this information to perform the upgrade from 9.

How to use mergemaster 8 depends on the purpose and trustworthiness of a jail. If the users and services in a jail are trusted, mergemaster 8 can be run from the host:. Therefore enter:. The ports tree in the basejail is shared by the other jails. Updating that copy of the ports tree gives the other jails the updated version also. The basejail ports tree is updated with portsnap 8 :.

Jails can be manually stopped and restarted with stop and start :. By default, jails are started automatically when the host computer starts. Autostarting can be disabled with config :. This takes effect the next time the host computer is started. A jail that is already running will not be stopped. Use archive to create a. The file name is composed from the name of the jail and the current date. The archive file can be copied elsewhere as a backup, or an existing jail can be restored from it with restore.

A new jail can be created from the archive, providing a convenient way to clone existing jails. Create a new jail named wwwserver-clone from the archive created in the previous step. Use the em1 interface and assign a new IP address to avoid conflict with the original:. This example creates a simple caching-only name server. The jail will use IP address The basejail has already been created and a ports tree installed as shown in Initial Setup.

This section is added just before the options section already in the file:. Use the jail IP address in the listen-on setting to accept DNS queries from other computers on the network:. A simple caching-only DNS name server is created by changing the forwarders section. The original file contains:. Immediately after the forwarders section, add references to the trusted ACL defined earlier:.

Check the configuration settings and make sure any local firewalls allow the new DNS access to the upstream DNS servers. The new DNS server can use itself for local name resolution, just like other local computers. Book menu. Table of Contents Synopsis Terms Related to Jails Creating and Controlling Jails Fine Tuning and Administration Updating Multiple Jails Managing Jails with ezjail. Synopsis Since system administration is a difficult task, many tools have been developed to make life easier for the administrator.

A hostname: which will be used by the jail. What a jail is and what purpose it may serve in FreeBSD installations. How to build, start, and stop a jail. The basics of jail administration, both from inside and outside the jail. Terms Related to Jails To facilitate better understanding of parts of the FreeBSD system related to jails, their internals and the way they interact with the rest of FreeBSD, the following terms are used further in this chapter:. A process, user or other entity, whose access to resources is restricted by a FreeBSD jail.

Creating and Controlling Jails Some administrators divide jails into the following two types: "complete" jails, which resemble a real FreeBSD system, and "service" jails, dedicated to one application or service, possibly running with privileges. Installing a Jail To install a Jail from the Internet The bsdinstall 8 tool can be used to fetch and install the binaries needed for a jail.

Once the command is complete, the next step is configuring the host to run the jail. To install a Jail from an ISO To install the userland from installation media, first create the root directory for the jail.

To build and install a Jail from source The jail 8 manual page explains the procedure for building a jail:. On the other hand, any, or almost any application requires access to at least one device, depending on the purpose of the given application. It is very important to control access to devices from inside a jail, as improper settings could permit an attacker to do nasty things in the jail.

Control over devfs 8 is managed through rulesets which are described in the devfs 8 and devfs. Configuring the Host Once a jail is installed, it can be started by using the jail 8 utility. Configure jail parameters in jail. It may not display this or other websites correctly. You should upgrade or use an alternative browser. Installing ports to alternate root.

Thread starter babel17 Start date May 28, I'm trying to figure out the best way to install ports to an alternate root as part of creating a custom FreeBSD distribution that includes certain ports. Should I instead be using? There appears to be no way to just turn it off. Not sure of the implications outside of this structure. Carpetsmoker Daemon Reaction score: Messages: 1, Click to expand Carpetsmoker said:. So you only end up with the target port: And not all of the dependencies.

Muchas Gracias Carpetsmoker. Well, it mostly works. Either method may be used to install software from local media or from the network. Unpack the software from its distribution format. This is typically a tarball compressed with a program such as compress 1 , gzip 1 , bzip2 1 or xz 1. If the software was distributed in source format, compile it.

This may involve editing a Makefile or running a configure script. A FreeBSD port is a collection of files designed to automate the process of compiling an application from source code. The files that comprise a port contain all the necessary information to automatically download, extract, patch, compile, and install the application. If the software has not already been adapted and tested on FreeBSD, the source code might need editing in order for it to install and run properly.

However, over third-party applications have already been ported to FreeBSD. When feasible, these applications are made available for download as pre-compiled packages.

Both packages and ports understand dependencies. If a package or port is used to install an application and a dependent library is not already installed, the library will automatically be installed first. A FreeBSD package contains pre-compiled copies of all the commands for an application, as well as any configuration files and documentation. A package can be manipulated with the pkg 8 commands, such as pkg install. While the two technologies are similar, packages and ports each have their own strengths.

Select the technology that meets your requirements for installing a particular application. A compressed package tarball is typically smaller than the compressed tarball containing the source code for the application.

Packages do not require compilation time. Packages do not require any understanding of the process involved in compiling software on FreeBSD. Packages are normally compiled with conservative options because they have to run on the maximum number of systems.

By compiling from the port, one can change the compilation options. Some applications have compile-time options relating to which features are installed. For example, Apache can be configured with a wide variety of different built-in options. In some cases, multiple packages will exist for the same application to specify certain settings. For example, Ghostscript is available as a ghostscript package and a ghostscript-nox11 package, depending on whether or not Xorg is installed. Creating multiple packages rapidly becomes impossible if an application has more than one or two different compile-time options.

The licensing conditions of some software forbid binary distribution. Such software must be distributed as source code which must be compiled by the end-user. Some people do not trust binary distributions or prefer to read through source code in order to look for potential problems. The remainder of this chapter explains how to use packages and ports to install and manage third-party software on FreeBSD.

There are a number of ways to find software to install:. The ports can be searched by application name or by software category. Dan Langille maintains FreshPorts. Registered users can create a customized watch list in order to receive an automated email when their watched ports are updated. If finding a particular application becomes challenging, try searching a site like SourceForge. Package names include the version number and, in the case of ports based on python, the version number of the version of python the package was built with.

Some ports also have multiple versions available. In the case of Subversion, there are different versions available, as well as different compile options. In this case, the statically linked version of Subversion. When indicating which package to install, it is best to specify the application by the port origin, which is the path in the ports tree.

Repeat the pkg search with -o to list the origin of each package:. Searching by shell globs, regular expressions, exact match, by description, or any other field in the repository database is also supported by pkg search. If the Ports Collection is already installed, there are several methods to query the local version of the ports tree.

To find out which category a port is in, type whereis file , where file is the program to be installed:. Alternately, an echo 1 statement can be used:. For example, to search for lsof :. The built-in search mechanism uses a file of index information. If a message indicates that the INDEX is required, run make fetchindex to download the current index file.

The text can be in comments, descriptions, or dependencies in order to find ports which relate to a particular subject when the name of the program is unknown. When using search or quicksearch , the search string is case-insensitive. Searching for "LSOF" will yield the same results as searching for "lsof". For sites wishing to only use prebuilt binary packages from the FreeBSD mirrors, managing packages with pkg can be sufficient.

However, for those sites building from source or using their own repositories, a separate port management tool will be needed.

Since pkg only works with binary packages, it is not a replacement for such tools. Those tools can be used to install software from both binary packages and the Ports Collection, while pkg installs only binary packages.

FreeBSD includes a bootstrap utility which can be used to download and install pkg and its manual pages. This utility is designed to work with versions of FreeBSD starting with Not all FreeBSD versions and architectures support this bootstrap process.

For other cases, pkg must instead be installed from the Ports Collection or as a binary package. Once pkg has been installed, the package database must be converted from the traditional format to the new format by running this command:.

This step is not required for new installations that do not yet have any third-party software installed. This step is not reversible. The package database conversion may emit errors as the contents are converted to the new version. Generally, these errors can be safely ignored. However, a list of software that was not successfully converted is shown after pkg2ng finishes.

These applications must be manually reinstalled. To ensure that the Ports Collection registers new software with pkg instead of the traditional packages database, FreeBSD versions earlier than By default, pkg uses the binary packages from the FreeBSD package mirrors the repository. For information about building a custom package repository, see Building Packages with Poudriere.

Additional pkg configuration options are described in pkg. Usage information for pkg is available in the pkg 8 manual page or by running pkg without additional arguments. Each pkg command argument is documented in a command-specific manual page. To read the manual page for pkg install , for example, run either of these commands:.

The rest of this section demonstrates common binary package management tasks which can be performed using pkg. Each demonstrated command provides many switches to customize its use. The Quarterly branch provides users with a more predictable and stable experience for port and package installation and upgrades.

This is done essentially by only allowing non-feature updates. Quarterly branches aim to receive security fixes that may be version updates, or backports of commits , bug fixes and ports compliance or framework changes.

For example, the quarterly branch created in January , is named Q1. And the Latest branch provides the latest versions of the packages to the users.

Information about the packages installed on a system can be viewed by running pkg info which, when run without any switches, will list the package version for either all installed packages or the specified package. To install a binary package use the following command, where packagename is the name of the package to install:. This command uses repository data to determine which version of the software to install and if it has any uninstalled dependencies.

For example, to install curl:. The new package and any additional packages that were installed as dependencies can be seen in the installed packages list:. This command will compare the installed versions with those available in the repository catalogue and upgrade them from the repository.

Software vulnerabilities are regularly discovered in third-party applications. To address this, pkg includes a built-in auditing mechanism. To determine if there are any known vulnerabilities for the software installed on the system, run:. Removing a package may leave behind dependencies which are no longer required.

Unneeded packages that were installed as dependencies leaf packages can be automatically detected and removed using:. Packages installed as dependencies are called automatic packages. Non-automatic packages, i. There are many others that can be used to query the package database of the system.

For instance, command pkg prime-origins can be used to get the origin port directory of the list mentioned above:. Once a package is a leaf package and is marked as automatic, it gets selected by pkg autoremove. Unlike the traditional package management system, pkg includes its own package database backup mechanism. This functionality is enabled by default. If restoring a backup taken by the periodic script, it must be decompressed prior to being restored. Only copies of the latest installed packages are kept.

Older versions of pkg kept all previous packages. To remove these outdated binary packages, run:. To address this, pkg has a built-in command to update package origins. When changing package origins, it is important to reinstall packages that are dependent on the package with the modified origin.

To force a reinstallation of dependent packages, run:. The Ports Collection is a set of Makefile s, patches, and description files.

Each set of these files is used to compile and install an individual application on FreeBSD, and is called a port.